PREDATOR v CRAFTSMAN

Dick Pountain/14 April 2009 12:31/Idealog 177

If you've been reading this column for several years it can't have escaped your attention that I occasionally stray rather far from matters computational, into realms of philosophy, psychology and even (gasp) politics. Such latitude is the gift of my enlightened editor Tim Danton, but it also reflects my own personal interests, of which computing forms only one part, albeit a very important part.

I belong to a cohort whose experience was formed in the underground press of the late 1960s, and when we eventually had to re-enter polite society most of my friends either went into mainstream print and TV journalism, or else into academia (at least five of them are now professors). I'd like to claim that I deliberately chose to go into the computer biz, but in truth it was partly accident. I was working as production director of Dennis Publishing when we acquired one of the first PC magazines, and because of my biochemistry degree I was elected House Nerd. However it suited me very well indeed because, whatever computing may lack in glamour - it doesn't get you free drinks in the Groucho Club - it makes up for in importance. It's *the* industry of the 21st century, the one that shapes everyone's lives, yet one of which our cultural and political elites are proud to show off their complete ignorance (with the worthy exception of Mr Fry).

I was attracted to craft from very early in life. My father worked in the steel industry and I spent many happy childhood hours watching the Bessemer converter blow at Robert Hyde's iron foundry across the road (fireworks have seemed rather puny ever since). I always loved making things - model aeroplanes, electronics - and taking things to pieces. The grammar school I attended was alma mater to Erasmus Darwin (Charlie's granddad and founder of the Lunar Society) and it instilled in me a deep respect for the makers of things, engineers and scientists. In short I'm motivated by what the Norwegian/American economist Thorstein Veblen once called the "instinct of workmanship", as opposed to the "instinct of predation".

Veblen, who died in 1929, is remembered nowadays mainly for his 1899 book "The Theory of the Leisure Class", which gave us the term "conspicuous consumption". Written during the Gilded Age of US capitalism when the Rockefellers, Carnegies, Vanderbilts and Gettys were accumulating their vast fortunes - before an Anti-Trust crusade tamed the free-for-all (for a while) - it enjoyed brief fame, but after the Russian Revolution Karl Marx's ideas grabbed all the attention and Veblen was forgotten. I recently had cause to read TTOTLC while reviewing a book on our current economic crisis, and was stunned by how accurately he predicted the forces that have brought us to this mess.

Veblen's anthropological approach postulates that during the hunter-gatherer stage of their evolution, human societies became split between the hunters who seized their living from nature through personal prowess, and the gatherers who stayed home making pots and raising children, and after the invention of agriculture digging the soil. The hunters evolved what Veblen called a “predatory” mindset while the rest developed an “industrial” mindset: we were divided into those who toil and those who don't. Veblen's predators diversified from hunting to become kings, nobles, soldiers, priests, and eventually merchant bankers and hedge fund managers. The predatory mindset prefers animistic explanations of the world: believing in "luck", it devises magical rites to propitiate the spirits of the prey. These developed by stages into gods representing the forces of nature, and eventually into one God with human characteristics. Predators are devoted to ceremony, sport and competition, and they despise drudgery and those who must live by it. Conspicuous consumption, or better still conspicuous waste, is the way they demonstrate contempt for thrift and utility and advertise their non-working status and personal prowess. The industrial mind on the contrary is forced by economic realities toward cooperation, and to causal rather than magical explanations of the world. It needs to make things work and so values diligence and craftsmanship, eventually leading to science rather than religion.

Veblen's divide is more profound than Marx's concept of class: the predatory caste exerts power over the industrious majority by confiscating and living off their surplus, but it's also a psychological division that runs through each individual mind as well as the whole society, closer to Max Weber’s Protestant Work Ethic than Marx’s Class Consciousness. We all have our predatory and industrious inclinations, and become complicit in our own exploitation because we too love ceremony, spectacle, prowess and status.

I surely don't need to spell out to you how Veblen applies in our computer industry: the contest between the "suits" of marketing and the "nerds" who design the hardware and software; between Larry Elliot's yacht and the Open-Source movement; in short the everlasting contest between those who value utility and cool design against those who value only profit. The latter have regained the whip-hand for the last 30 years, and their dominance has permitted far worse predators to slink in and in effect asset-strip the whole world's economy. We now live in a world where "toxic" funny-money might outnumber real assets by six-to-one, with no idea where it's going to end: we've conspicuously consumed the planet.